Article

Cyanoprokaryotes have had a chance to colonise almost ali biotopes over the biosphere during their long existence from early Precambrian till present time, without lost of their vitality and diversity. Their evolution is a continuai and rapid process of adaptation to changing environmental conditions, but in the range of the certain cyanobacterial genetic and structural pattern. As a consequence ofthis process, numerous genotypes and morphotypes (morphospecies) ari se, which are strictly ecological delimited. In principle, they did not were found any ubiquitous species within cyanobacteria. The cosmopolitan species exist, but only these ones, which are ecologically connected with corresponding cosmopolitan distributed biotopes (saline coastal swamps, eutrophic freshwater reservoirs, soil biotopes, etc.). And, of course, numerous species exist restricted in specialised and extreme biotopes and endemie in various local biotopes with specific conditions. - Numerous ecological types of cyanobacterial microflora are present in Mediterranean region. Cosmopolitan and wide-spread species occur particularly in plankton of eutrophic reservoirs and in soils. Special cyanobacterial assemblages are present in other habitats (sometimes microhabitats). Marine calcareous coasts (with endolithic types), saline and minerai inland waters (sometimes hypersaline localities), deserts, calcareous subaerophytic and wetted rocks, and volcanic substrates (wetted vo1canic rocks, vo1canic localities, lava soils, thermal springs) belong to prominent biotopes with communities with high number of ecologically delimited species and often with endemie types in Mediterranean region. Cyanobacterial biodiversity from ali these localities contains lot of differently diversified and adapted species, but it is stilllittie known and need special studies and protection