Article
Contribution to a new vascular flora of Sardinia (Italy): III (61-90)
Contribution to a new vascular flora of Sardinia (Italy): III (61-90)
Alien taxa, Endemic taxa, Mediterranean vascular flora, Native taxa, Rare Plants
-
Received
-
(last) revision received
-
Accepted
-
Published online
Following the first two contributions for a new, updated, and revised vascular flora of Sardinia, new data about the distribution of 30 taxa growing in the island are here presented. Taxa are both native and alien, and are characterized by their very low frequency, phytogeographical significance, endemicity, conservation status, invasiveness or novelty to Sardinia and Italy. The results derive from floristic research carried out throughout Sardinia and various neighbouring islands and islets. The first reports of Bulbine frutescens, Coleus barbatus, Dasylirion serratifolium, Euphorbia ingens, and E. milii are here recorded for the first time in Italy (casual alien). Additionally, Ageratum conyzoides, Cyperus papyrus, Erysimum odoratum, Galinsoga quadriradiata, and Narcissus trumpet daffodil group (casual alien taxa) are documented here for the first time in Sardinia. Moreover, the confirmations for Sardinian flora of Carex acutiformis, Catananche lutea, and Suaeda splendens are here provided after 40 years without new reports. New distributional data for 12 taxa, most of which known for their rarity, are gathered. Notably, Callitriche lusitanica was previously reported only for a few sites. Concerning other taxa, a clarification of their distribution range on the island is documented, as for the rare Ceratophyllum submersum subsp. submersum, Limoniastrum monopetalum, and Malva stenopetala subsp. plazzae, which have recently faced contraction after human activities on their previously known locations. New data are also provided for some rare endemics, including Romulea revelierei, Silene velutina, and Stachys salisii. New findings are also reported for Cachrys libanotis, Chamaerops humilis, Damasonium bourgaei, Linum tenuifolium, Monotropa hypopitys (rare to scattered native). In addition, updated information on the distribution of Arctotheca calendula, Delairea odorata, Gazania ×splendens, Kalanchoe ×houghtonii, and Tropaeolum majus (invasive alien taxa) is here reported. Finally, new data about some of the taxa recorded in the first two contributions are added below.
Adnan, M., Shahzad, B., Collins, M. & Bajwa, A. A. 2025: Seeds of success: seed biology and germination response of Gazania weed in Australia. – Front. Agron. 7: 1596787. https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2025.1596787
Alasbahi, R. H. & Melzig, M. F. 2010: Plectranthus barbatus: a review of phytochemistry, ethnobotanical uses and pharmacology–part 1. – Planta Medica 76(7): 653-661. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1240898
Arrigoni, P. V. 2006-2015: Flora dell’Isola di Sardegna, 1-6. – Sassari.
Atzei, A.D. 1978: Monotropa hypophegea Wallr. (Pyrolaceae) specie officinale nuova per la Sardegna. – Ann. Bot. (Roma) 35-36: 407-419.
Atzei, A.D. 1995: Lavatera plazzae sp. nov. (Malvaceae) di Sardegna. – Boll. Soc. Sarda Sci. Nat. 30: 151-157.
Atzei, A.D. 2003: Le piante nella tradizione popolare della Sardegna. – Sassari.
Bacchetta, G. 2006: Flora vascolare del Sulcis (Sardegna Sud-Occidentale, Italia). – Guineana 12: 1-369. https://doi.org/10.1387/guineana.2275
Bacchetta, G. , Mayoral Garcia Berlanga, O. & Podda, L. 2009: Catálogo de la flora exótica de la isla de Cerdeña (Italia). – Fl. Montib. 41: 35-61.
Bacchetta, G., Iiriti, G., Mossa, L., Pontecorvo, C. & Serra, G. 2004: A phytosociological study of Ostrya carpinifolia Scop. woods in Sardinia (Italy). – Fitosociologia 41(1): 67-75.
Bacchetta, G., Pontecorvo, C., Vacca, S. 2007: Flora del Monte Arcuentu (Sardegna sud-occidentale). – Webbia 62(2): 175-204. https://doi.org/10.1080/00837792.2007.10670822
Bagella, S., Filigheddu, R., Peruzzi, L. & Bedini, G. (eds) 2015-: Wikiplantbase #Sardegna http://bot.biologia.unipi.it/wpb/sardegna [accessed 20/4/2026]
Bartolucci, F., Peruzzi, L., Galasso, G., Albano, A., Alessandrini, A. & al. 2018: An updated checklist of the vascular flora native to Italy. – Pl. Biosyst. 152(2): 179-303. https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2017.1419996
Bartolucci, F., Domina, G., Alessandrini, A., Angiolini, C., Ardenghi, N. M. G. & al. 2019: Notulae to the Italian native vascular flora: 7. – Ital. Bot. 7: 125-148. https://doi.org/10.3897/italianbotanist.7.36148
Bartolucci, F., Peruzzi, L., Galasso, G., Alessandrini, A., Ardenghi, N. M. G., & al. 2024: A second update to the checklist of the vascular flora native to Italy. – Pl. Biosyst. 158(2): 219-296. https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2024.2320126
Biondi, E. & Bagella, S. 2005: Vegetazione e paesaggio vegetale dell’arcipelago di La Maddalena (Sardegna nord-orientale). – Fitosociologia 42(2) suppl. 1: 3- 99.
Bocchieri E., 1992. Flora of the small islands of the archipelago of Maddalena (north-eastern Sardinia) and floristic contributions regarding some of the main islands of the archipelago. – Fl. Medit. 2: 33-64.
Bocchieri, E. 1996: L’esplorazione botanica e le principali conoscenze sulla flora dell’arcipelago della Maddalena (Sardegna nord-orientale). – Rend. Sem. Fac. Sci. Univ. Cagliari 66(1): 1-305.
Boi, M., Lazzeri, V. & Bacchetta, G. 2013: Pollen micromorphological traits of the Tyrrhenian Stachys salisii Jord. & Fourr. (Lamiaceae). – Ann. Bot. (Roma) 3: 231-235.
Borzatti de Loewenstern, A. & Mannocci, M. 2008: Stachys salisii Jord. & fourr. (Lamiaceae), endemismo sardo-corso nuovo per l’arcipelago toscano. – Quad. Mus. Stud. Nat. Livorno 21: 1-9.
Brotzu, R., Cara, M. & Ruiu, D. 2021: Atlante del Monte Ortobene. – Sassari.
Brullo, S., Bacchetta, G., Cambria, S., Tomaselli, V., Galdo, G. G. D. & al. 2025: The Plant Communities of the Class Isoeto-Nanojuncetea in Sardinia. – Plants 14(14): 2187. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14142187
Brundu, G., Camarda, I. & Satta, V. 2003: A methodological approach for mapping alien plants in Sardinia (Italy). In: Child L.E. & al. (eds). Plant Invasions: Ecological Threats and Management Solutions: 41-62. – Leiden.
Brundu, G., Lozano, V., Manca, M., Celesti-Grapow, L., & Sulas, L. 2015: Arctotheca calendula (L.) Levyns: An emerging invasive species in Italy. – Pl. Biosyst. 149(6): 954-957. http:/dx.doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2015.1125963
Calvia, G. & Ruggero, A. 2020: The vascular flora of Mount Limbara (northern Sardinia): from a troubled past towards an uncertain future. – Fl. Medit. 30: 293-313. https://doi.org/10.7320/FlMedit30.293
Calvia, G. & Ruggero, A. 2023: Update to the vascular flora of Mount Limbara: new records from Northern Sardinia. – Fl. Medit. 33: 233-241. https://doi.org/10.7320/FlMedit33.233
Calvia, G., Ruggero, A., Fois, M., Farris, E., Lallai, A. & al. 2024: Contribution to a new vascular flora of Sardinia (Italy): II (31-60). – Fl. Medit. 35: 19-50. https://doi.org/10.7320/FlMedit35.019
Camarda, I. 1984: Studi sulla flora e sulla vegetazione del Monte Albo (Sardegna centroorientale). 1. La Flora. – Webbia 37: 283-327. https://doi.org/10.1080/00837792.1984.10670281
Camarda, I. 1998. Considerazioni su alcune specie di antica e recente introduzione in Sardegna e loro dinamica di diffusione. – Biocosme Mésogéen 15(1): 89-108.
Camarda, I., Cossu, T. A., Carta, L., Brunu, A. & Brundu, G. 2016: An updated inventory of the non-native flora of Sardinia (Italy). – Pl. Biosyst. 150(5): 1106-1118. https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2015.1115438
Castroviejo, S. (ed.) 1986-2019: Flora Iberica, 1-21. – Madrid.
Celesti-Grapow, L., Pretto, F., Carli, E. & Blasi, C. (eds) 2010: Flora vascolare alloctona e invasiva delle regioni d’Italia. – Roma.
Cesaraccio, G. & Racheli, G. 1993: Caprera Natura. – La Maddalena.
Cesaraccio, G., Lanza, B. & Ricceri, C. 1984: Riconferma di Silene velutina Pourret per la flora italiana e contributi per l’arcipelago della Maddalena (Sardegna nord Orientale). – Inform. Bot. Ital. 16(2-3): 197-199.
Christenhusz, M. J. M. 2012: 746. Tropaeolum majus (Tropaeolaceae). – Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 29(4): 331-340.
Clements, D. R., Upadhyaya, M. K., Joshi, S. & Shrestha, A. 2022: Global Plant Invasions. – Cham (Switzerland). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89684-3
Cocco, A., Pusceddu, M., Lentini, A. & Floris, I. 2019: Can increasing infestations by Rhynchophorus ferrugineus threaten endemic Chamaerops humilis in Sardinia (Italy)? – EPPO Bull. 49(2): 405-413. https://doi.org/10.1111/epp.12583
Cuena-Lombraña, A., Fois, M., Calvia, G. & Bacchetta, G. 2023: An updated checklist of the vascular flora of Montarbu massif (CE Sardinia, Italy). – Fl. Medit. 33: 251-268. https://doi.org/10.7320/FlMedit33.251.1
Daoud-Bouattour, A., Gammar-Ghrabi, Z., Limam-Ben Saad, S. & Muller, S.D. 2010: Cyperus papyrus (Mediterranean assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010: e.T164158A5756389 [accessed on 5/11/2025].
Desfayes, M. 2008: Flore vasculaire herbacée des eaux douces et des milieux humides de la Sardaigne. – Fl. Medit. 18: 247-331.
Diana, S. 1991: Le piante endemiche della Sardegna: 202 Romulea revelieri Jord et Fourr. – Boll. Soc. Sarda Sci. Nat. 28: 329-333.
Espejo Serena, A. & López-Ferrari, A. R. 1996: Las Monocotiledóneas Mexicanas una sinopsis florística. – Consejo Nacional de la Flora de México, México D.F. 1(6): 1-116.
Franciosi, A. 1805-1822. Cento Fiori Colti nel loro mese, 3. – Padova
Frignani, F. & Iiriti, G. 2011: The genus Romulea in Italy: taxonomy, ecology and intraspecific variation in relation to the flora of Western Mediterranean islands. – Fitosociologia 48(2): 13-20.
Farris, E. 2008: in Navone, A. & Trainito, E.: Tavolara - Nature at work, working in nature. – Sassari.
Ferrer-Gallego, P. P., & Alos, J. F. 2021: Proposal to conserve the name Cachrys libanotis (Umbelliferae) with a conserved type. – Taxon 70(3): 682-684. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12519
Galasso, G., Conti, F., Peruzzi, L., Alessandrini, A., Ardenghi, N. M. G. & al. 2024: A second update to the checklist of the vascular flora alien to Italy. – Pl. Biosyst. 158(2): 297-340. https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2024.2320129
Global Biodiversity Information Facility (2026). GBIF Occurrence Download. https://www.gbif.org (accessed 16/01/2026).
Giau, M. 1986: Indagine floristica e vegetazionale sullo stagno de Platamona (Sardegna nord-occidentale). – Boll. Soc. Sarda Sci. Nat. 25: 97-123.
Gómez-Bellver, C., Álvarez, H., Nualart, N., Ibáñez, N., Sáez, L. & López-Pujol, J. 2019: New records of alien vascular plants in Catalonia (NE Iberian Peninsula). – Collect. Bot. 38: e004. https://doi.org/10.3989/collectbot.2019.v38.004
Herzog, T. 1909: Ober die Vegetationsverhaltnisse Sardiniens. – Engler’s Bot. Jahrb. 42: 341-436.
Herrando-Moraira, S., Vitales, D., Nualart, N., Gómez-Bellver, C., Ibáñez, N. & al. 2020: Global distribution patterns and niche modelling of the invasive Kalanchoe ×houghtonii (Crassulaceae). – Sci. Rep. 10: 314. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-60079-2
Iamonico, D. 2014: Lavatera stenopetala subsp. plazzae comb. et stat. nov. (Malvaceae), endemic taxon from north-western Sardinia (Italy). – Pl. Ecol. Evol. 147(2): 293-298. http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2014.920
Iamonico, D. 2017: Alien taxa of the tribe Senecioneae (Asteraceae) in Italy: a nomenclatural synopsis. – Hacquetia 16(2): 281-292. https://doi.org/10.1515/hacq-2017-0005
Iamonico, D., Bartolucci, F. & Peruzzi, L., 2015: Malva stenopetala subsp. plazzae (Atzei) Iamonico, Bartolucci & Peruzzi, comb. nov. In: Raab–Straube E. von., Raus T. (eds), Euro+Med–Cheklist notulae 4. – Willdenowia 45(1): 123-124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3372/wi.45.45113
iNaturalist 2026: iNaturalist Research-grade observations. https://www.inaturalist.org [accessed 16/01/2026].
Jeanmonod, D. & Gamisans, J. 2013: Flora Corsica. 2éme éd. – Bull. Soc. Bot. Centre Ouest, n. s. 39: 1-1072.
Khalil, Y., Ashworth, M. B., Han, H., Qin, Y., Rocha, R. L. & al. 2021: Identification of the first glyphosate‐resistant capeweed (Arctotheca calendula) population. – Pest Managem. Sci. 77(5): 2568-2575. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.6295
Laguna Lumbreras, E. & Ferrer Gallego, P. P. 2013: Gazania Gaertn. (Asteraceae): Táxones escapados de cultivo en la Comunidad Valenciana (España). – Bouteloua 13: 3-10.
Lallai, A. & Sarigu, M. 2023: in Galasso, G., Domina, G., Adorni, M., Angiolini, C., Baccheschi, L., & al. 2023: Notulae to the Italian alien vascular flora: 16. – Ital. Bot. 16: 73-87. https://doi.org/10.3897/italianbotanist.16.115302
Lansdown, R. V., Bazos, I., Caria, M. C., Troia, A., & Wieringa, J. J. 2017: New distribution and taxonomic information on Callitriche (Plantaginaceae) in the Mediterranean region. – Phytotaxa 313(1): 91–104. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.313.1.6
Lau, A. & Frohlich, D. 2012: New plant records for the Hawaiian Islands 2011–2012. – Pp. 5-16 in: Evenhuis, N. L. & Eldredge L. G. (eds), Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 2012. – Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 114. – Honolulu.
Lazzeri, V., Sammartino, F., Campus, G., Caredda, A., Mascia, F. & al. 2015: Note floristiche tosco-sarde II: novità regionali e locali e considerazioni tassonomiche per le regioni Sardegna e Toscana – Ann. Mus. Civ. Rovereto sez.: Arch., St., Sci. Nat. 30: 331-368.
Lazzeri, V., Campus, G., Cardini, A., Gestri, G., Nicolella, G., & Tognazzi, F. 2023: Note floristiche toscosarde V: novità regionali per le regioni Toscana e Sardegna. – Acta Plantarum Notes 9: 94-103.
Leake, J. R., McKendrick, S. L., Bidartondo, M., Read, D. J. 2004: Symbiotic germination and development of the myco‐heterotroph Monotropa hypopitys in nature and its requirement for locally distributed Tricholoma spp. –New Phytologist 163(2): 405-423. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01115.x
Martinoli, G. 1950: La flora e la vegetazione del Capo S. Elia (Sardegna meridionale). – Pubbl. Centro Studio Fl. Veget. Ital. 17: 57-148. https://doi.org/10.1080/11263505009430782
Mattirolo, O. 1892: Reliquiae Morisianae, ossia elenco di piante e località nuove per la flora della Sardegna recentemente scoperte nell’erbario di G. G. Moris. Estratto dagli Atti del Congresso Botanico Internazionale di Genova. – Genova.
Martelli, U. 1896-1904: Monocotyledones sardoae, 1-3. – Firenze.
Milia G., Mossa L. 1977: Ricerche floristiche e vegetazionali nell’Isola di S. Antioco (Sardegna meridionale): la flora. – Boll. Soc. Sarda Sci. Nat. 16: 167-213.
Moris, G. G. 1827: Stirpium sardoarum elenchus. – Cagliari.
Moris, G. G. 1837-1859: Flora Sardoa, 1-3. – Torino.
Mossa L., Guarino R., Fogu C. 2003: La componente terofitica della flora della Sardegna. – Rend. Sem. Fac. Sci. Univ. Cagliari. 73(2): 1-209.
Musarella, C. M., Laface, V. L. A., Angiolini, C., Bacchetta, G., Bajona, E. & al. 2024: New alien plant taxa for Italy and Europe: An update. – Plants 13: 620. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13050620
Musolino, V., Perri, M. R., Conforti, F., Gliozzi, M., Marrelli, M., & Mollace, V. 2023: Cachrys L. genus: A Comprehensive review on botany, phytochemistry and biological properties. – Plants 12(3): 565. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12030565.
Onnis A. 1964: Ricerche sulla flora, vegetazione ed ecologia dello stagno di Simbirizzi (Quartu S. Elena, Sardegna meridionale). Ann. Bot. (Roma) 28(1): 71-100.
Peruzzi, L., Frignani, F. & Iiriti, G. 2011: Contribution to the karyological knowledge of Mediterranean Romulea species. – Folia Geobot. 46(1): 87-94.
Picci V. 1970: Catananche lutea L.: specie nuova per la Sardegna. Brevi note sulla sua ecologia. – Ann. Bot. (Roma), 30:171-176.
Pignatti, S. 1982: Flora d’Italia, 1-3. – Bologna.
Pignatti, S. , Guarino, R. & La Rosa, M. 2017-2019: Flora d’Italia, seconda edizione. – Milano/Bologna.
Pisanu, S., Caria, M. C., Sotgiu, S. & Bagella, S. 2014: Schede per una Lista Rossa della Flora vascolare e crittogamica Italiana: Silene velutina Loisel. – Inform. Bot. Ital. 46(1): 148-150.
Presutti, F. 2022: Piante endemiche dell’Arcipelago di La Maddalena. – Città di Castello (PG).
Podda, L., Lazzeri, V., Mascia, F., Mayoral, O. & Bacchetta, G. 2012: The checklist of the Sardinian alien flora: an update. – Not. Bot. Horti Agrobot. Cluj-Napoca 40(2): 14-21. https:// doi.org/10.15835/nbha44210491
Pontecorvo, C. 2007: La flora dell’Iglesiente (Sardegna SW). – Cagliari.
Porceddu, M., Santo, A., Orrù, M., Meloni, F., Ucchesu, M. & al. 2017: Seed conservation actions for the preservation of plant diversity: The case of the Sardinian Germplasm Bank (BG-SAR). – Pl. Sociol. 54(2) suppl. 1: 111-117. https://doi.org/10.7338/pls2017542S1/11
Powles, S. B., Tucker, E. S., & Morgan, T. R. 1989: A capeweed (Arctotheca calendula) biotype in Australia resistant to bipyridyl herbicides. – Weed Sci. 37(1): 60-62. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043174500055855
POWO 2026: Plants of the World Online. – Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet; https://powo.science.kew.org/ [accessed 9/1/2026].
Puddu S., Podda L., Mayoral O., Delage A., Hugot L. & al. 2016: Comparative analysis of the alien vascular flora of Sardinia and Corsica. – Not. Bot. Horti Agrobot. Cluj-Napoca 44(2): 337-346. https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha44210491
Pyšek, P., Richardson, D. M., Rejmánek, M., Webster, G. L., Williamson, M. & Kirschner, J. 2004: Alien plants in checklist and floras: towards better communication between taxonomist and ecologists. – Taxon 53(1): 131-143. https://doi.org/10.2307/4135498
Reddymalla, N. R., Pureti S. & Kolluru, V. C. 2021: Cultivation and utilization of Coleus species. – Pp. 229-251 in: Ekiert, H. M., Ramawat, K. G. & Arora, J. (eds), Medicinal Plants. Sustainable Development and Biodiversity, 28. – Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74779-4_7
Rich, T. C. G. & Nicholls-Vuille, F.-L. 2001: Taxonomy and distribution of European Damasonium (Alismataceae). – Edinburg J. Bot. 58(1): 45-55. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960428601000464
Richardson, D. M., Pyšek, P. & Carlton, J. T. 2011: A compendium of essential concepts and terminology in biological invasions. – Pp. 409-420 in: Richardson, D. M. (ed.), Fifty years of invasion ecology: the legacy of Charles Elton. – Oxford.
Richardson, D. M., Pyšek, P., Rejmánek, M., Barbour, M. G., Panetta, F. D. & West, C. J. 2000: Naturalization and invasion of alien plants: Concepts and definitions. – Divers. Distrib. 6(2): 93-107. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-4642.2000.00083.x
Rivieccio, G., Bagella, S., Bazan, G., Bonari, G., Brunco, V. & al. 2024: New national and regional Annex I Habitat records: from# 123 to# 138. – Pl- Sociol. 61(2): 73-84.
Robison, R. & DiTomaso J. M. 2010: Distribution and community associations of Cape ivy (Delairea odorata) in California. – Madroño 57(2): 85-94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3120/0024-9637-57.2.85
Robison, R., Kyser, G. B., Rice, K. J. & DiTomaso J. M. 2011: Light intensity is a limiting factor to the inland expansion of Cape ivy (Delairea odorata). – Biol. Inv. 13: 35-44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-010-9782-z
Rosati, L., Fascetti, S., Romano, V. A., Potenza, G., Lapenna, M. R., & al. 2020: New chorological data for the Italian vascular flora. – Diversity 12(1): 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12010022
Ruggero, A. 2000: Segnalazioni floristiche italiane: 988. – Inform. Bot. Ital. 32(1-3): 58.
Ruggero, A. 2022: La flora endemica delle coste occidentali della Gallura (Sardegna settentrionale, Italia). – Ann. Mus. Civ. Rovereto, Sez. Arch., Sto., Sci. Nat. 38: 93-121.
Ruggero, A., Trainito, E., Bacchetta, G., Podda, L., Lallai, A. & al. 2024: Contribution to a new vascular flora of Sardinia (Italy): I (1-30). – Fl. Medit. 34: 13-46. https://doi.org/10.7320/FlMedit34.013
Sakhraoui, N., El Mokni, R., Hadef, A., Rais, H., Verloove, F. & Essl, F. 2024: Current distribution and status of Arctotheca calendula (L.) Levyns (Asteraceae) in Algeria and Tunisia (North Africa). – BioInv. Rec. 13(2): 319-333. https://doi.org/10.3391/bir.2024.13.2.03
Sakhraoui, N., Rouidi, S., Essl, F., Verloove, F. & Hadef, A. 2023: First escaped populations of Gazania ×splendens Hend. & Andr. Hend. (Asteraceae) in Algeria. – BioInv. Rec. 12(3): 659-666. https://doi.org/10.3391/bir.2023.12.3.03
Santo, A., Fenu, G. & Bacchetta, G. 2015: Schede per una Lista Rossa della Flora vascolare e crittogamica Italiana - Malva stenopetala (Coss. & Durieu ex Batt.) Soldano, Banfi & Galasso subsp. plazzae (Atzei) Iamonico, Bartolucci & Peruzzi. – Inform. Bot. Ital. 47(2): 245-289.
Scudu, C. 2022: Flora d’Ogliastra. – Tortolì (NU).
Shahzad, B., Adnan, M. & Bajwa, A. A. 2025: What’s Wrong with Gazanias? A Review of the Biology and Management of Weedy Gazania Species. – Plants 14: 915. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14060915
Smith, G. F. 2020: Notes on Kalanchoe ×houghtonii (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), an early hybrid between two species of K. subg. Bryophyllum. – Haseltonia (26): 78-85. https://doi.org/10.2985/026.026.0111
Sotgiu, G., Careddu, S., Carriero, L. & Manca, C., 1998: Scoperta di un nuovo sito per l’endemismo sardo-corso Silene velutina Pourr. (Discovery of a new site for a rare Sardinian-Corsican endemism). – Inform. Bot. Ital. 30(1-3): 23-24.
Thiers, B. 2026 [continuously update]: Index Herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. – http://sweetgum.nybg.org./ih/ [accessed 12.10.2026]
Tirgan, S., Naqinezhad, A., Brundu, G. 2022: Arctotheca calendula (L.) Levyns (Asteraceae): an emerging invasive alien species in Iran. – BioInv. Rec. 11(3): 600-608: https://doi.org/10.3391/bir.2022.11.3.02
Tison, J.-M. & de Foucault, B. (eds) 2014: Flora Gallica. Flore de France. – Mèze.
Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A. (eds) 1964-1980: Flora Europaea, 1-5. – Cambridge.
Tutin, T. G., Burges, N. A., Chater, A. O., Edmondson, J. R., Heywood, V. H. & al. (eds) 1993: Flora Europaea, 2° ed., 1. – Cambridge.
Verloove, F., Aymerich, P., Gomez-Bellver, C. & Lopez-Pujol, J. 2019. Chorological notes on the non-native flora of the province of Tarragona (Catalonia, Spain). – Bull. Inst. Catalana Hist. Nat. 83: 133-146. http://dx.doi.org/10.2436/20.1502.01.18
Vesperinas, E. S., Moreno, A. G., Elorza, M. S., Sánchez, E. D., Mata, D. S., & Gavilán, R. 2001: The expansion of thermophilic plants in the Iberian Peninsula as a sign of climatic change. – Pp. 163-184 in: Walther, G. R., Burga, C. A. & Edwards, P. J. (eds), “Fingerprints” of Climate Change. – Boston. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8692-4_11
Viegi, L. 1993: Contributo alla conoscenza della biologia delle infestanti delle colture della Sardegna nord-occidentale: censimento delle specie esotiche della Sardegna. – Boll. Soc Sarda Sci. Nat. 29: 131-234.
Viljoen, A., Chen, W., Mulaudzi, N., Kamatou, G. & Sandasi, M. 2022: Phytochemical profiling of commercially important South African plants. – London. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2020-0-00534-7
Yang, Y. B., Liu, G., Shi, X., Zhang, W., Cai, X. & al. 2018. Where will invasive plants colonize in response to climate change: predicting the invasion of Galinsoga quadriradiata in China. Int. – J. Environ. Res. 12: 929-938. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-018-0146-3
Zhang, W. G., Chen, X. Y., Liu, R. L., Song, X., Liu G. & al. 2021. Realized niche shift associated with Galinsoga quadriradiata (Asteraceae) invasion in China. – J. Pl. Ecol. 15: 538-548. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtab086